New regulations aimed at curbing teenage caffeine addiction were implemented in January by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including mandatory caffeine content labeling on all beverages and a prohibition on the sale of high-caffeine energy drinks to individuals under 18.
Caffeine is a popular stimulant for teenagers, with a study by the University of Michigan’s C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital in 2023 finding that almost 25 percent of parents report their teens consume caffeine on most days of the week. Although just a single energy drink or cup of coffee might not seem like a big deal, doctors warn that excessive intake, as seen in the study, may cause detrimental health consequences.
Marin County pediatrician Dr. Kara Ornstein has found that caffeine negatively impacts student productivity levels.
“Anything that you’re addicted to, need, and can’t function without is probably a problem,” said Ornstein.
According to Ornstein, students concerned about academic success should try to refrain from consuming excessive amounts of caffeine.
“For academic success, sleeping well is incredibly important. Sleep is probably the number one thing that helps us focus, and we actually learn during sleep,” Ornstein said. “Students who rely on caffeine to stay alert may be hurting their memory and concentration.”
Dr. Susan Woolford, a pediatric specialist, corroborated that excessive caffeine consumption can disrupt mood, sleep patterns and academic performance, all of which are critical to a teenager’s development.
According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, caffeine is a stimulant that reduces sleep quality, which can affect mood, sleep patterns and academic performance, therefore disrupting teen development.
A lack of sleep due to excessive caffeine consumption doesn’t just make students feel groggy; it actively disrupts cognitive function, making it harder to retain and recall information.
“Teenagers require eight to 10 hours of sleep a night, but with high caffeine intake, they may struggle to achieve this, ultimately affecting their academic performance and overall health,” Ornstein said. She went on to explain the risks associated with consuming too much caffeine.
“Overconsumption of caffeine can be dangerous. Four cups of coffee is a lot. When your heart’s up, you’re more anxious. Energy drinks pose an even greater risk. Energy drinks have lots of sugar, but they also have incredibly high levels of caffeine. It’s much higher than just a cup of coffee.” Ornstein said.
According to the FDA, excessive caffeine can lead to high blood pressure, digestive issues and increased anxiety. Many people may even experience withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, irritability and fatigue if they suddenly stop consuming caffeine after prolonged use.
“Research suggests excessive caffeine consumption may lead to calcium loss, resulting in bone deterioration over time. Teenagers whose bodies are still developing may be particularly vulnerable,” Ornstein said. Additionally, she elaborated by saying caffeine leads to dependence, fighting tiredness, which worsens sleep quality overall.
Despite the concerns, caffeine itself isn’t inherently bad when consumed responsibly.
“If you’re getting adequate sleep and exercise and you have a morning coffee, you’re probably okay. However, when caffeine becomes a necessity rather than an occasional boost, it’s time to reassess,” Ornstein said.
